Something I’ve been curious about since the first M1 is how the IC design affects peak clock and power consumption. People knowledgeable in this matter have provided a lot of input and ideas, the full picture is still somewhat missing.
There is at least some evidence that Apple CPU cores are meticulously designed to provide peak performance at carefully chosen power levels. For example, power consumption of M4 starts climbing very quickly past 4.05ghz — the system reports 7 watts at 4.04Ghz, 7.5 watts at 4.1Ghz and 8.7 watts at 4.2Ghz. It costs 1 watt to climb the 50Mhz from 4.15 to 4.2 Ghz! Andrei F. from Anandtech described a similar effect starting from at least A12.
The crux of the question is this - are higher clocks actually feasible with the current design or is what we see the practical ceiling? It is clearly not economically viable to design separate core families for mobile and desktop use. In x86 land, it is a tradition trade mobile performance for higher desktop performance potential. Would Apple need to follow a similar route? Right now we get excellent mobile performance at mobile-level power targets, but we can't scale it futher. Would Apple Silicon that can scale further mean reduction is deliverable mobile performance? If that is indeed the case, then I think their strategy is sound. Laptops are the core of the Mac business, and it probably makes sense to prioritize 5% higher laptop performance instead of 5% higher desktop performance.
Anyway, just ruminating aloud