Thank you @Ausdauersportler and @khronokernel
That is great support!
I downloaded the new Github built and made a new installation on the SD card. It works perfectly now. With Mojave, brightness control is back and maximum brightness is correct too. Nightshift is enabled. Everything I tested so far works.
Follow-up. I then tried High Sierra with this new OCLP version. And brightness control is fixed there also! The screen is not too dark anymore, which was my only remaining issue with Catalina Loader. So I decided to switch back to High Sierra for now, as it is an officially supported OS version for this Mac and it does everything I need. I completely removed the freshly installed Mojave container with Disk Utility.
And since everything was working fine, I installed OCLP to the internal EFI partition. No more USB drive or SD card booting. The could iMac automatically boot into macOS loading OpenCore.
I only had one issue, OCLP was still detecting the deleted Mojave container. Even after pram reset. And also after building it a second time form scratch a second time. OCLP would boot automatically into this "phantom" Mojave partition, ending with the prohibitory sign. I solved it by selecting the High Sierra container as default in Open Core (ctrl-click). But if someone has a hint…
And here is the summary of my iMac 21.5" mid-2010 (iMac11,2) bought new in 2010.
CPU: i3-540 2x3.06 GHz to i7-860S 4x2.53 GHz - 35€
SSD: Samsung 860 EVO 1TB - 99€
RAM: 4GB to 16GB - 2x4GB (2015) + 2x4GB for free - 56€
GPU: ATI Radeon HD 4870 256MB to NVIDIA Quadro K2100M 2GB - 49€
MX-2 and K5-Pro thermal paste ~ 20€
Total 256€ = 310$
All prices include shipment and taxes.
Geekbench 5 single-core: 587
Geekbench 5 multi-core: 1877
Geekbench 5 metal: 2721
Unigine Valley score: 1218
Unigine Valley fps: 29.1