If Apple's history is any indication, any storage slots would be proprietary, not standard like M.2 or U.2.
If apple's history is an indication there won't be multiple storage devices (slots for drives (plural) ). Apple's current T2 'slots' are really
internal SSD busses ; a tweaked PCI-e for internal storage purposes. It isn't even standard PCI-e protocol.
The MP 2013 has one drive. The imac Pro one internal drive. The BTO options for the MP 2019 .... one internal drive. The rest of the Mac line up; one. and only one, internal drive. That trend is pretty clear in that it wouldn't be storage slots (plural). Extremely likely there will be just one nominal internal drive.
Is Apple going to band storage drives in standard PCI-e slots in the next Mac Pro ? Probably not. If they put in a standard slot folks can optionally add M.2 , U.2 , E1 or E3 EDSFF , etc. sockets as they wish.
Going to dump the internal SATA and USB sockets for non BTO drives? If they keep the same exact basically case chassis, then that would be extremely dubious. An straightforward discrete SATA controller sitting on a x1 PCI-e v4 lane wouldn't be that hard to do. Decent chance there can do the same for a USB controller ( already do that for the iMac 24" 'extra' USB-C sockets. ) . I don't think Apple is a big fan of SATA, but cheaper ( $/GB) bulk, relatively low bandwidth storage is still better on spinning plates.
Hoping for PCIe 6, but 5 is more likely, if anything.
PCI-e v6 any time soon is pipe dream. Even Intel has that pegged two more generations out.
Intel Diamond Rapids with PCIe Gen6 Hardware leaker YuuKi_Ans reveals first details on future Xeon architecture. YuuKi has been sharing confidential information on HPC series from Intel and AMD for a very long time. With access to non-public information and hardware, he has already revealed...
videocardz.com
"Granite Rapids" might surface in 2024 if things stay on track. Diamond would be another > 12 months after that.
(2025-26 ). PCI-e v6 without CXL v 2.0+ is pragmatically a waste of time ( at least on x4-x16 wide lane allocations). Apple has given about zero indications that they are willing to follow down the CXL evolutionary path. [ AMD isn't rushing past PCI-e v5 quickly either. ]
PCI-e v5 is also not particularly likely at all either. Apple has implemented some x1 PCI-e v4 links. Going to x16 PCI-e v4 would be an far more likely evolutionary path for them.
I expect many of the PCIe lanes will be used up by things like the Thunderbolt ports (4 lanes/port).
That is highly doubtful. Thunderbolt as implemented inside the SoC package, each TB controller has its own PCI-e controller coupled to the TB controller. Those PCI-e controllers sit on the internal data bus on the die. They don't consume much 'more' than anything else on the internal bus. It is far, far more effective Perf/Watt to do it that way. If there is an iGPU there (and there probably is ) then there is little good reason to decouple the nominal TB controllers.
Given Apple has gone through the effort to create their own TB controllers, it is pretty doubtful they want to run off and buy discrete Intel ones.