My best guess right now is something to do with Siri/machine learning/etc - notice how the iPhone 8, 8+, and X have no issues? Those phones have a dedicated processor for machine learning. Every other device still has all of those machine learning processes in the OS, but are still having to process it all - only on top of everything else through the standard processors.
Most posts I read express a drain with standard usage - as if, something extra is churning away with every use (i.e. learning usage patterns, and constant indexing new data as it appears - and perhaps consequent re-processing of it...).
I have zero drain in standby - more so with aeroplane mode. I get all of my weird drain after using the phone for any purpose - I could send a message and will be at 90% - unlock it 5-10 minutes later, and it's at 87-88% for no reason.
from what you describe (also in my case with a 6S+), it's seems like fake , or a inaccurate untrue drainage, that not really the exact value at the given moment..
i think it's a part of the problem because once i start charging the same "jumps" can go upwards..
so it's some calibrating stuff or update... not sure it's actually "real" drainage.