This is a bit long-winded, so apologies beforehand. I put a picture at the end to keep this on-topic!
1> Which states allow you to own an automatic assualt rifle and a Glock 19?
Most states allow the sale of legal automatic weapons. This could be anything from a .22 converted to full auto all the way up to a Browning M2HB .50BMG heavy machine gun. Any automatic that is legal for civilian purchase is called a "transferable" automatic. To buy, you need to go through a dealer with a Class 3 federal firearms license (FFL) who can transfer automatics. In addition to the purchase price of the gun, you need tp pay the dealer a transfer fee and a federal tax. After that, you need to go to your local sheriff, police chief or local FBI agent, fill out some paperwork and get fingerprinted. The paperwork details what guns you have and gives law enforcement the right to drop by at any time and check on your little arsenal. Then they do a background check and off you go.
Most automatics are very expensive. The cheapest are crappy machine pistols like the MAC series and DC9. Those usually run in the $4,000-$10,000 dollar range. A full auto AK47 will set you back a bit more, $12,000-$20,000+, and an HK MP5 or another quality submachine gun will run a few thousand more than that. M-16s and other common assault rifles are around there as well. More famous guns like the Thompson, BAR, M-14, MP40 and StG 44 all exceed $25,000-$50,000.
Topping the list are heavy machine guns like the Vickers, Maxim or German MG08 from WWI, and WWII weapons like the Browning 1919, MG42, MG38 and M2. Newer weapons like the M60 occasionally show up. These can run anywhere from $50,000 up into the stratosphere.
Rare and unique weapons occasionally surface and fetch astronomical prices. I once saw an StG 45 for sale, and one dealer was advertising a transferable M249 SAW, brand new in the box. It was probably the only civilian-legal example in the world. Both guns were going for well over $150,000
BTW, the Glock 19 is a regular old semi-auto. The Glock 18 is the select fire version and is VERY rare. If you could find a transferable one for sale I'd guess the asking price would be around $100,000. A "cheaper" alternative in a machine pistol would be the Berretta 93R.
This is very brief and skims over some points, but that's basically it.
2> Where in those States' major cities can one goto learn to fire and practice for accuracy!?
Most cities have indoor ranges suitable for handguns. A lot of these places also do safety training, hunter safety training and concealed carry training. Quality varies...some are very professional, others less so.
3> If you have Trigger Locks and cases; where is a safe place (considered by local authorities) to store the key's yet FAST enough for access should you/family be in mortal danger when you NEED it!!!
Good question. You can keep a loaded weapon handy in your house - that is legal. I don't keep any guns for self defense, so everything is locked up in safes.
It's up to the individual to decide where and how to store a weapon for defense - it could be sophisticated, such as a hidden compartment or safe with an electronic lock, or brutally simple, the classic revolver-under-the-pillow. Most people with a self defense weapon keep it loaded and do not lock it up, for ease of access in an emergency. The most common weapon for self-defense is the flexible and powerful 12 gauge shotgun. With the right buckshot it's highly lethal indoors but won't shoot though walls and injure people on the other side.
To make up for all the babbling, here's a pic of the Remington 1100 12 gauge semi-auto. Usually with a longer barrel for skeet, here I've got a 20" slug barrel on it, suitable for hunting deer, shooting targets or home defense.