Probably not. The M1 max ( 10 cores) is in the ballpark of 80W TDP because dragging along all that much large GPU cores. Twice that would be 180W ballpark (and 20 cores ) and 4x would be in the 300-320W range. Apple is more so designing at the upper levels a GPU with some CPU cores sprinkled on top. Which means highly likely not to get to core counts that match up with SoC which entirely remove ( or at least minimally great reduce the GPU transistor budget allocation. )
Apple will be under 200W but the CPU core count would be in the 20 range. For CPU core only, but high parallel workloads it likely will have issues with 32+ like core counts of CPU only "SoC" packages.
Apple's desktop processor is pretty likely going to carry a large amount of laptop design constraints along with it. One of those is the dual edge sword of having to feed an order of magnitude more math function units with bandwidth to get their work done. ( and therefore a governor cap on the CPU allocated bandwidth).
P.S. 16 P cores and 4 E cores is still "trouble" for Intel and AMD mainstream Gen 12 (an 13) and Zen 3 (and 4) offerings.
However, higher still counts though Apple probably has substantive power dissipation issues to deal with.
Well the numbers that I am basing this hypothesis on is a base power draw of 125W to Alderlake, turbo power draw of 241W and a max power draw of 272W
for the CPU only. Not factoring in GPU, or any other off silicon co-processors/accelerators add-in cards.
https://www.anandtech.com/show/1704...w-hybrid-performance-brings-hybrid-complexity
When looking at single thread P-core use on alderlake we see 55-65 Watts per individual core P-core. 11-15 W for the E-Core.
For context, based on the highly optimized x86 cinebench results - where x86 holds a 40% margin lead today over M1 - the M1 utilized 39.7W at the wall to provide a result of 12,375.
That is 39.7W, all in!
M1 idling on a static screen pulls 200mW. AC power at the wall (for display on and again measuring the entire laptop) was 7.2W.
In single thread cinebench workloads, Anandtech measured 11W to the package for the Apple Silicon M1 Max!
On multi threaded workloads M1 was measured at the package to pull 34-43W on package and 40-62W wall active.
Back to my original guesstimate for providing Apple with a theoretical 272W desktop chip package allowance (based on tlady’s desktop ADL Turbo power draw for CPU only) then, theoretically Apple could push possibly much higher than 20 P-Cores… and possibly in the realm of 25-30 P-cores assuming reasonable scaling.
My 0.02 anyway!