I have been having this problem on my iPhones, iPad and MacBooks. I've reported it to Apple via three different channels last week, including AppleCare+ and their developer Feedback app, along with supporting video showing the issue, but have not received any satisfactory responses or acknowledgement that the problem lies on their end. I agree with the sentiment that it seems to affect specific Apple accounts, because my wife does not have the issue on her iPhone.
That said, I have found a workaround that gets around the problem on my iOS devices, which others might find helpful. It involves the use of an official MacOS app called "Apple Configurator 2", available in the MacOS App Store. Using it on my MacBook Pro connected to my iPhone, it was able to detect and update the apps that couldn't be updated directly on the phone due to the bug.
Warning: it is not an easy app to understand and use. If you have any trouble with it, log out and in of your iTunes account inside the app and try again. The two operations that seem to work to circumvent the problem are "Add" and "Update". I used Add, because it is more selective and allowed me to only update the apps that I wanted to update. I am running 13.2.2 on my phone, but I'm still running Mojave (with all updates) on my MacBook Pro.