With Skylake coming to market now, the current nMP's Xeon is 3 architecture generations behind the consumer world. Within the same architecture, the following differences usually are mentioned as reason to use Xeons in a workstation environment (please correct me if I forgot something important):
- L3 Cache
- ECC Ram support
- More cores
- Multi-CPU
ad 1.: Skylake i7 has 8MB L3 Ram vs. 30MB in the IvyBridge Xeons. I wonder whether the overall improvements in Skylake may or may not make up for the lack of L3 cache.
ad 2.: Probably the biggest reason people argue with when it comes to (semi-)professional work. However, since ECC has been introduced, technology (especially production technology) has seen massive improvements, so I wonder if that really is an issue today with modern non-ECC Ram. Are there any studies or other data available that show statistically relevant data that non-ECC Ram is still prone to bit errors? And with resolutions of edited video massively increasing, are rare bit errors still noticeable? I do understand that scientific applications may still be fragile here, but then it's back to my initial question of the quality of today's non-ECC ram in general.
ad 3.: As Skylake i7's are (artificially!) limited to 4 cores, the Xeons seem to have a distinct advantage here. However, Apple seems to think that even 4 cores are a viable option in a workstation. And with architectural improvements 4 Skylake cores may be able to equal 6 or even 8 Ivy Bridge (Xeon) cores. Similar to the old MP 1,1: Even upgraded to 8 cores, a modern mini (at least the 2012's) can beat it.
ad 4.: As Apple has taken a design decision to stick with only 1 CPU chip in the nMP, this advantage definitely does not apply anymore.
To my layman's eyes, consumer hardware is increasingly capable of performing well in tasks where you used to need professional hardware in the past. And with the professional (CPU) platform lagging behind in development (and seemingly with the gap increasing rather than decreasing), I wonder for how long Apple is continuing to put Xeons in the MacPro.
They did away with the Xserve as they didn't see a big enough target group compared to the required effort (certain target groups do expect quite some support). With the design change from the cMP to the nMP they also did away with some parts of the professional target group they did cater for before. The nMP in its current incarnation is restricted in some areas, compared to professional servers, so number-crunchers or scientific users will probably decide for a competitor product anyway, be it because they need more than 128GB Ram or more than 1 Xeon for the sheer core count.
Does the remaining target group (e.g. A/V people) really _need_ Xeons for their work? From what I read here, a significant number is even using iMacs by now.
From my point of view, it would only be consequent if Apple replaced the Xeons at least in the entry-level nMP's with modern i7's (and in the long run in all nMP's, once GPGPU has caught sufficient traction in the professional world). Less so because of (non-existing) price advantages, but for being able to offer up-to-date technology in their flagship product.
Chances are that Xeons will fall behind even further in the coming years, simply because the target group is growing smaller and Intel is focusing on the money-makers (i.e. high-volume products) in their development spending. Apple is receiving flak for not upgrading their flagship product, which they could avoid by switching to consumer CPU's, similar to what they did with the x86 switch, when PPC development fell behind more and more. Only that the switch to consumer CPU's this time would be quite easy on the software side.
They probably would have to optimize the whole package to offer a more competitive product once they can't argue with "professional grade components" anymore (which they arguably can't do anymore even today), such as e.g. slower SSD's or "only" DDR3 Ram or a plastic housing instead of the polished metal they currently ship. But it's not an impossible or even difficult task.
To summarize it: With 3 architecture generations difference, is a Xeon still a viable alternative to a conventional i7 system outside the high-end professional segment, which is not satisfied with current nMP's anyway?