The Good.
I only have a very basic understanding of philosophy. I’m lazy and not bright enough to take it seriously, but my experience has been very enjoyable. It’s a big subject in total. But even though there is lots across the subject that is valuable, for me, my greatest affinity is the the ancient Greeks.
There was something uniquely valuable about their society that latterly our experience has been fundamentally different. Each era and society affects the content of our thinking in a big way. Look at thinking in the Enlightenment, or the situation with the proto Existentialists like Nietzsche.
Greek thinking was very noble, and for this I appreciate it. I’m not well read on Socrates or Plato, as valuable as they were. There is only one philosopher for me, Aristotle. My tutor for my A level said he was boring, he preferred Hume. But even if Aristotle was dry, it’s the content that counts.
Often people dismiss philosophy as useless, they never make their minds up, they never reach a conclusion. But ironically if it were not for Aristotle, we wouldn’t have science. Even though he got a lot wrong, which is forgivable. He started it all off. So philosophy has been practical at least once. But the Greeks didn’t just write about science, they cared about poetry, and drama too. But most interestingly they asked about our purpose, and what if anything is ‘good’.
I suppose they all had their particular take, but wisdom was valued universally by the Greeks. My experience is with Aristotle, specifically The Nicomachean Ethics.
Basically Aristotle tried to examine what is ‘good’ about anything in particular, and ties it’s value into it’s unique function and how well that thing performs it. For example, a good hammer, hammers nails in well, and reliably. He gives all sorts of examples but then moves on to what is special about us, humans. He argues that only we have the ability to think and analyse very well, no other species, animals, etc. Can do this as well as we can. So our peculiar function is to philosophise. And in this contemplation we will find true happiness, or Eudaimonia.
But we’ve got to consider it in it’s context. This is ancient Greece. There were no higher status individuals than the philosophers, what Aristotle concludes is typical for his time. But is he right? Well are philosophy students/teachers more happy than the rest of us? Not necessarily, sometimes all that thinking can make things worse. Too much thinking can bring you down.
We may be good at thinking, but we are not just thinking machines. We are human. While progress in science and technology is extremely useful, no human is going to be satisfied stuck in a lab. Humans need love. While not necessarily as practical as the pursuit of knowledge, it’s the only way we can be truly happy. To experience love, to be in love, to love each other.
The Beatles had it right, all you need is love. We can think about all the various moral systems philosophy gives us. Utilitarianism, Deontology, virtue ethics. Etc. But there are big fundamental problems with all of them. For example utilitarianism could justify killing an innocent person, if the results benefit more people, it’s all about maximising the good. But could we ever justify this? Kant would say no. Not under any circumstances. But he has his problems too.
I’ve always wondered about how the various moral philosophers justified their authority to dictate morality to the rest of us. Isn’t it a little pompous?
Wether you are a believer or not, the Christian ethical system teaches us to love each other equally, for me it has authority that no philosopher can match in that it is given to us by none other than God. But if you don’t believe in that, the basic rule of thumb is just to love each other as brothers. More complicated ethical issues aside, leave them to the theologians and academics. For my money, if you want to be happy. Just fall in love with everything.