I’m blaming both. And I’m not arguing that all forms of regulation on business is bad, but governments shouldn’t be forcing businesses to share their products free of charge with other businesses. Also, when governments create regulation to “level the playing field” or “protect the consumer”, often times it does the opposite, even if the intentions are good. Thankfully, with the free market, consumers have choices. People can choose to go with Android if they prefer Android’s system, and people who go with iOS have plenty of choices of alternative messaging apps that they can use. I actually use FaceBook Messenger a lot for messaging, likely more than iMessage, though I do use iMessage for communicating as well, because I like some of its features better. If I wanted to, I could choose not to use iMessage and predominantly use WhatsApp or Messenger instead. Many people do exactly that, especially in Europe where WhatsApp is extremely common and popular.