I will not go into technical details here but due to changes introduced in Big Sur, no third party tool can create a valid, sealed System Partition with an Apple signed Snapshot. When CCC or other utilities seem to do this they "wrap" an Apple Utility (asr). There have been several releases where that mysteriously stops working.
You also cannot update the System Partition, only the Data Volume.
I have switched to doing Data only clones. On an M1/M2, if you hit the unusual condition of a corrupted value, there could be deeper issues with the hidden system partitions (reboot etc.) I have NEVER ended up there except when I wanted to revert from Ventura.
The process for that is a complete wipe and restore either from recovery or (better) the Apple Configurator 2 with an IPW. Then use Migration Assistant with the CCC clone. I once brought my Mac Studio with 3TB of data back from the brink in about 2 1/2 hours using an SSD for CCC Data clone.
Time Machine from my NAS would take days, literally.
You also cannot update the System Partition, only the Data Volume.
I have switched to doing Data only clones. On an M1/M2, if you hit the unusual condition of a corrupted value, there could be deeper issues with the hidden system partitions (reboot etc.) I have NEVER ended up there except when I wanted to revert from Ventura.
The process for that is a complete wipe and restore either from recovery or (better) the Apple Configurator 2 with an IPW. Then use Migration Assistant with the CCC clone. I once brought my Mac Studio with 3TB of data back from the brink in about 2 1/2 hours using an SSD for CCC Data clone.
Time Machine from my NAS would take days, literally.