In a nutshell, when you go down from 100% brightness, the phone is dimming the screen by flashing the display at various frequencies. It's too fast to see with the naked eye (though you can see it in a slow motion video of the display) but it's enough to irritate or hurt some people's eyes/brains. That's why turning of FaceID didn't change things. If the phone is giving you eye pain or headaches, you really should return it while you can. It is very unlikely that there's an iOS patch for this problem; it's inherent in the hardware.
[doublepost=1513185750][/doublepost]If it's helpful, here's a snip from the
NotebookCheck.com review of the iPhone X. Something to be careful about is that they don't say which devices they're referring to when they quote a 54% figure. Is that 54% of all cellphones, or all cellphones and tablets, or does that include laptops/notebooks as well? And is that 54% of devices with OLED displays, or does that include devices with LCD displays? Anyway, FWIW:
Screen Flickering / PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation)
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To dim the screen, some notebooks will simply cycle the backlight on and off in rapid succession - a method called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) . This cycling frequency should ideally be undetectable to the human eye. If said frequency is too low, users with sensitive eyes may experience strain or headaches or even notice the flickering altogether.
Screen flickering / PWM detected 240 Hz 100 % brightness setting
The display backlight flickers at 240 Hz (Likely utilizing PWM) Flickering detected at a brightness setting of 100 % and below. There should be no flickering or PWM above this brightness setting.
The frequency of 240 Hz is relatively low, so sensitive users will likely notice flickering and experience eyestrain at the stated brightness setting and below.
In comparison: 54 % of all tested devices do not use PWM to dim the display. If PWM was detected, an average of 8544 (minimum: 43 - maximum: 142900) Hz was measured