Yes I know there is supposed to be a way with the Catalina Patcher to be able to boot APFS if your HDD/SSd is formatted APFS but I haven't used that method I took a risk and use the dosdude'1 APFS boot rom patcher but is is risky as one models have more than one boot rom number and choosing the wrong one could brick you Mac I bricked my iMac 8,1 but was successful with my MacBook 5,2 and iMac 9,1 the reason I suggested Mojave it is the last macOS that still supports HFS but you can use APFS to and still supports 32 bit apps if yo still use them macOS Catalina does not If you decide to try Mojave your usb need to be 16 gb and formatted HFS-Extended-Journaled
http://dosdude1.com/mojave/ here is a link and follow the instructions there
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Now to figure out how to get Night Shift back in the Display settings