Sorry but health care is paid by your health care taxes, that come off your gross income. You don't pay those at the gas station!
What makes gas prices in the EU that high are VAT (which is considerably higher in the EU) and energy taxes.
The eco taxes you mentioned are actually only a small part of the energy taxes (they were introduced to reduce CO2 emissions and to decrease the taxes for annuity insurance). Who knows where the rest of the energy tax goes...
Actually, it's 43.3% plus VAT in Germany.
If the gas price is 1.50€, the gas itself is worth 0.61€, 0.65€ are eco taxes, plus 19% VAT of both gas and tax makes 1.50€.
And "healthcare and other nice things" are arguable, that's why I took it out. However, as mentioned, no one knows where the money goes, as you would use it 100% to build walls to decrease noise pollution and plant trees for CO2 neutrality, you'd have a lot of walls and trees. However, the money has to go anywhere, and I doubt that it has anything to do with cars or their emissions at all.
The reason for this kind of tax is really strange though: In the eyes of the politicians, oil was too cheap, and they know that it's limited - the prices will rise and at some point will gas will be not cheap enough. Here's the hilarious point: They put the tax on top of the oil price so "smoothen" the raise and are investing this tax into the development of cars that consume less gasoline.
Car manufacturers came up with that during the oil crisis in the 70ies themselves. And now I have to fund them by paying them as much as I pay the Sheik who delivers the oil.
I mean, did anyone pay Chevrolet to develop and build the Volt? No, and they did anyways.
Edit: It might not be health care, but look at this:
Year/Income from the eco tax in millions of Euro/That went into federal retirement assicuration/that funded renewable energies.
Well, might not be healthcare. I mostly pay grandpa's retirement though: And this should be considered as the one of the "other nice things".