I'm still fascinated by this thread, so much knowledge!
I do have small question to which you guys probably know the answer. I have some problems with the USB on my MBA 2.1. It was working just fine, but a couple of months ago the keyboard an trackpad would freeze up leaving no other option than to reset. I believe I tried an external mouse, which worked at the time. I haven't used the MacBook in a while now, but I decided to try an fix it again (the new year and all...), but it appears USB is completely dead now: keyboard, trackpad, USB port, nothing. Booting also takes forever despite the SSD, it hangs minutes at the 'gray screen of death' before showing the apple logo an continuing.
So far I have concluded that the USB port does supply 5V, but even a keyboard isn't recognized.
Disconnection all non essential items from the logic board keeping just the screen, MagSafe and keyboard or USB port cable still results in non responsive keyboard (both USB and internal).
Usually I'd go for SMC reset and NVRAM reset, but these don't seem to work (because the keyboard doesn't work, dohh).
Does anyone have an idea to reset the SMC without keyboard, or suggestions what else to try or check?
I'm puzzled... Could it be a dead USB controller?
With a dead USB controller your mac would start up as normal (I had it once on a Macbook unibody A1278). It could be a bad RAM memory chip but they are soldered to the board by the MBA...