So for some reason something goes wrong when using this drive in the enclosure as the boot drive.
So, not the same experience but may be related in the sense that it illustrates a difference when used as a boot disk.
I originally purchased my Samsung 980 PRO to replace the SSD in my Mac Pro 6,1. I used an NGFF adapter and installed the 980 PRO and restored from a TM backup. I was running Big Sur at the time and things were basically ok but there was a problem with panics during sleep. At the time, there were other sleep related issues related to firmware so I did not think to link the SSD to the panic during sleep. Evenutally I added another volume to the APFS container on the SSD to install Monterey and test it out. Early versions of Monteray were installed but I experienced more frequent kernel panics so I never decided to completely migrate to Monteray. There were also some iCloud syncing issues and I finally gave up and returned to Big Sur. Smartmontools showed the disk running warmer than I wanted, close to 60C.
When Monteray 12.6.1 was released, I upgraded the volume. Whoa, big problems. The install took hours to complete. When it finally completed, Monteray was unusable. Massive lag in the GUI where everything would freeze, including mouse movement, for periods of minutes and the boot time was several minutes. I started paying closer attention to some issues reported about the 980 PRO when used with the MP 6,1 and started to consider it may have something to do with the SSD. I used smartmontools to check the temperature and noted that the SSD temp was close to 60C even when idling. I dug into TRIM and found that TRIM was taking a very long time to complete. I went back to Big Sur. Boot time less than a minute, no lag.
I set out to evaluate some SSD enclosures and decided to try a Kingston Fury Renegade (I would have got the Firecuda 530 but it was twice the price at the time). At first, I used the Kingston within the enclosures I was evaluating. I then decided to give Ventura a shot and installed OCLP and upgraded the Monteray volume to Ventura on the 980 PRO. Install took a long time, Ventura did eventually boot but GUI was similarly laggy as with Monteray. However, I did notice that if I let the machine "stabilize", it eventually would become somewhat less laggy but TRIM times were still enormous. So, I cloned the 980 PRO SSD to the Kingston SSD and replaced the Samsung 980 PRO with the Kingston. Ventura booted in under 30 seconds with no lag. TRIM times were an order of magnitude faster. There were other issues with Ventura that forced my return to Big Sur. I noticed that since replacing the Samsung 980 PRO, I was not experiencing any panics when sleeping.
Finally, I put the Samsung 980 PRO into an enclosure and started running benchmarks using the enclosure as a data volume instead of as a boot disk. Everything works fine but I have not really stressed tested the 980 PRO in the enclosure beyond the testing with the benchmarks.
So, I do think there is a difference when using the disk as a boot disk and I think there are problems with the Samsung 980 PRO when used as the boot disk. There may be other issues when used as a data volume but I have not isolated anything yet in that regard. At the moment, I do not think this is an Apple Silicon related issue (my MP is an Intel machine and I have tested the enclosure with my MP and a MBP M2 Max).
Having spent some time looking into the underlying PCIe bridge configurations on my quest to see if I could get a 20 Gbps connection to the TB2 port of my MP 6,1, my best estimate of the root cause of the Samsung 980 PRO issues is that the problem may be related to the PCIe interface of the Samsung controller, perhapes some odd hardware incompatibility that causes the PCIe bus to hang and/or kick down to a slower speed. It maybe possible to address with a firmware update but it is unclear if that update needs to come from Samsung or Apple. The problem has not been fixed by either of them and the drive is effectively obsolete now so I do not expect it will ever be resolved. Given the other problems associated with the 980 PRO related to the firmware updates Samsung has released, I suspect Samsung has some serious problems with this controller and any other products that use it.