Yes they have - I've had free iPhones and iPads in the UK...And I've also had subsidised Nokia's in the Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal and Denmark.
No, we don't, you are including tax. If you include the exchange rate, then you also should remove the tax to make it comparable. So a £999 iPhone is £832.50 without VAT. Currency exchange has a cost, as does managing fluctuations. Many international organisations will use their own internal conversion rate, but let's use a standard interbank rate plus 0.1% as I'm sure Apple will get great deals, or as per your next comment keep it abroad anyway. So it's only $112.91 difference, aka a mere £84.54.
What loophole was that then? Are they domiciled for tax reasons in the UK?
I guess you are referring to this article
https://www.theguardian.com/news/20...-moved-jersey-ireland-tax-row-paradise-papers for your sources.
They are doing what any sensible organisation should. Heck I'm quite confident you are employing tax avoidance strategies yourself as well - wouldn't be very smart if you didn't. To help you, let me name two that are really good in the UK; savings ISA and pension contributions.
Tax Avoidance = legal
Tax Evasion = illegal
Nothing wrong with avoidance.