Competition is building g it from the ground up
No, it’s not. It’s not limited to that.
Where do you get all that stuff from?
Example: Governments requiring mobile carrier networks to offer wholesale access to others (which has happened not only in Europe but in the U.S.too). MVNOs benefit from that and compete with network operators’ own end-user offerings. Competition without building everything from the ground up.
Not legislation required competitors can use your ovens, table and silverware.
Apple is a vertically integrated company, and you know it.
They make hardware, they make software, they provide entertainment services to consumers.
To keep with the analogy, they control not only their own pizza recipes - but only the supply of necessary equipment and ingredients for …not only pizzas, but a sizeable chunk of the entire food industry. And while making their own pizzas and selling them to consumers, they‘re requiring 30% commissions for use of their ovens and stoves from other pizza makers and restaurants.
👉 Again, time for the government to step in, to allow other food producers/restaurants fair competition.
It’s just hard to conceive how a company could control something as simple as ovens, tables stoves, impose their monopoly and enforce those commission on other market participant. There’s no equivalent of the mandatory digital signing certificate for pizza ovens and distribution of pizzas to consumers. And pizzas can’t be made and delivered at near zero marginal cost.
That’s why the bloody regulation applies to certain digital markets - and not grocery stores or Costco. It’s not the same.