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Can someone explain this Notebookcheck list of frequencies? For example…

iPhone 14: 60 hz
iPhone 13: 610 hz??

Why such a huge difference? Does it mean iPhone 13 didn’t cause PWM issues?
 
Can someone explain this Notebookcheck list of frequencies? For example…

iPhone 14: 60 hz
iPhone 13: 610 hz??

Why such a huge difference? Does it mean iPhone 13 didn’t cause PWM issues?
Just a guess but it might be due to Apple using different panel manufacturers in their phones. I had one iPhone 13 that caused instant blurred vision and another that felt a lot more mild.
 
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I also can't tolerate OLED TV devices, regardless of the brand.
A Samsung QN95 Mini LED which, with my settings, has a PWM frequency of
130, can I tolerate without any problems. A dream for my eyes. The whole thing is really crazy.
 
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Another thing on my 13 Pro I always have dark mode on, as if I have it on anything else it feels like I’m being dazzled by a white light.
 
Anyone having success with 15 plus ?

iPhone 12 Pro at least for me it’s the best experience i had since X. Not 100% pain free but as soon as i stop working on it symptoms gradually go away.
I'm back and forth on mine. It doesn't give me headaches or anything but I think it bothers my eyes a bit. I'd say it's worth trying out if you're sensitive. I might be more sensitive than others. Going to give it the full 2 weeks to make my decision. I don't like the idea of keeping a phone that strains my eyes even slightly, but some might be ok with it, especially if they don't use the device as much.
 
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Right, a long post incoming.

The short answer to Apple's stand in regards to PWM and their response to this is as followed:

They have already responded by not using PWM dimming between brightness 100% to 25%, and the following iphone releases since then
(I assume starting with the iphone 13 perhaps).

Also, it may perhaps seems that efforts made by Apple Engineers were not appreciated by the small online community, and continued to attribute problems to Apple for using PWM dimming methods. I will elaborate more on this later.



But before we proceed to that, we have to understand what is Pulse Width Modulation, and under what circumstance can one call it PWM.

According to engineers, Pulse Width Modulation mainly manipulates the width duration of screen shut down time. In other words, if there are no noticable change in the width duration of the screen "down" time, it cannot be called a "PWM". And that is what the "Width" in Pulse Width Modulation stands for.

Yes it does still sound confusing thus I am going to use iPhone 15 pro max to attempt to illustrate why the recent iphones are already PWM-free (when between brightness 100% to 25%). Following that I will also explain why PWM is no longer the issue like before, and what is now causing the visual, cognitive, or physiological reactions.

We will be focusing on the width size of the banding artifact below. If there are changes in the width size of the banding artifact, it would suggest there is PWM.

I'll be taking the readings from my previous post.




iPhone 15 pro max -

100% brightness. Does not have PWM since it is at its max possible brightness. There is no other banding size to compare against. We can therefore conclude that at 100% brightness, it is PWM free.

mSs2yI6GptT_MvyJs4mlVWKH9wVyI-GeeC2X_xdx99MrLmdcajcUM5cMMLv8o9UIlsq0etVbrJT8JmofixSSpNTSQ8YXCl2WW0-ZaHR7ChxFO2IUyA_oa_PeOYtSqlq7oyX6GaG8FIKmbY6As9U0ejs




75% brightness. We do not see the width size of each banding artifact increasing in size. While there is indeed subtle increase in size with the banding, that is just the transition to PWM dimming mode. As no obvious change in the width size of the banding artifact is observed, we can say at brightness 75%, it is still PWM free.

SMgBhJcVBY_fUs-MhTPEoKGQnBr3Afkb1nBK8ycwFy489doY2f7s2_ZCz92-93NRy4YKC7_75QdYeakytEhB723pTxz3Thl5Cn32rB8Yfw9R5CFbrosRZd5UV3udivKPuzhWY5Yv3EVsKhvSDEjavgM



50% brightness. Here we do see that the some of the banding are increasing in width. However, again as there are no obvious increase in size, we have to say it is PWM-free.
xT_0Ib3pzRvNKp51vk_esqhB5CyDGnJA7uN0OTBRe7AyOCIiIvQC5gwSEu-gEYI0kRCStfBkBDXPN5EBjXaNdHSmbLNVnr9r8N1wGehgXWYmJW25pKXSMVNJXdyrYXEcUpL2snMI-9dhNTf4CD-4YoE



25% brightness - Even at this 25% brightness, we still do not see obvious change in banding width size. Therefore iphone 15 pro max is still PWM free while at 25% brightness.

W1bRsyBTcLMjnU_tAi6zbAkFY-mbAS62UNtYIn0bUfSKF-uzYWJxngvLrOrL4mnI1nnJ9lnZFPhr_pSg69fxBQoboPDFOgzH8Ry1I7MrbTLuSlrbcPt66cZ2Zpf8D8JLgcmycrZAHH-r-BDy27s0SQ8



How does a PWM banding look like then?

When iphone 15 pro max's brightness hits 20%, we start to see obvious change in the width of the banding artifact. This is where dimming has fully transitioned into PWM mode.
9oZYMwSNpe7dE8-U29mbiMPYxjUgJTvcn2oPSzHfqTNf3qqvxHEpMSynGMen-rxfhHxpg3Rijn8noffKaQxhmLd5LIsSZWs282W6kTZ7iMC8HdKJYHLvF9Pbj9WLLfgjlF-2vRoj2PAenYHGYSvPKYU



As we continue to slide the brightness down, we see the banding width size further increase. This is attributed to PWM, unlike what we saw earlier while at the higher brightness.
qHTfCPP1-PV_7ncEJZGh_kNSZphR_n62L7nLly2voDJZKgspAyhOAeiHsbHynidmZvhWBO5vC8SCWzpLvh33tsPrEQhLwFM2tfE2Tg16391W7k3QyB5qpB5obv8-Clpph1oKmqOtrxuhi4xME7ohf4I


Lastly, while below brightness 7%, PWM complete it full course.

a4uqH8rI5cRZe04f9BcfJuGC8PsD8JPVq0dQG4tOMrz4-n9MSZwGJIAaoI84zTyKzaeSdj-ddBO5ORBP6A-Jy2B52DUdBgdhCYJkxOyuVj3oE1TtqS5lt_co2srV5Yfut4hpMC1ciwKv4gDTGfUx7zc



That brings us to the next question. If indeed Apple is no longer using PWM between brightness 25% to 100%, why are a number of users still complaining symptoms of PWM?

The reason is because of this thing called "Temporal Light Modulation".

Without getting too technical, just think of Temporal Light Modulation as the screen's "base form" flicker intensity, while PWM as the intensity multiplier.

To illustrate this, I will use a scale of 1 - 100 as the level of flicker. Below numbers are just for illustration purposes and do not represent any actual phone.

Let's assume we can tolerate flicker intensity of 10 out of 100. TLM, the base form flicker, starts at 12. PWM, the multiplier has a value of x5 (while it is at its worst).

TLM base form level (out of 100)PWM (multiplier)TLM level after PWM is applied (out of 100)
12X560


As we can see from the above, the final output from this is 60. This greatly exceeds our tolerance for flicker.

Thus, we are right to attribute the problem to PWM.

The Apple engineers then revised the dimming implementation, removing PWM between 25% brightness to 100%, since PWM is the culprit here.

However, what actually happened in reality is the following.

TLM base form level (out of 100)PWM
(multiplier)
TLM level after PWM is applied (out of 100)
40 (base form now significantly increased)x1.05 (PWM free now)42


Thus even with the TLM level without PWM, it is still far from our tolerance value of 10.

As we can see from the above, PWM is indeed not the issue here. As the TLM base form flicker itself is 40.

Moving forward, I do propose that we stop using PWM as a lingo to bring up about the flicker. Rather, Temporal Light Modulation.

If we continue to bring up about removal of PWM, we are implying specifying to remove PWM, but not to remove flickering that affects us. (which was what manufacturers have heard and responded with)

Furthermore, the lingo with the various mixed PWM dimming methods seems to be quite in mess.

Semi or quasi PWM is not called Semi or quasi PWM. Rather, it is called DC-like dimming, hybrid dimming, pseudo dc dimming(which is what Apple is using here).

1/8 of PWM is called "Flicker-free". This naming for instance has been marketed by LG for their OLED TVs.

Hence only true PWM is referred to as PWM.

However, semi-dc dimming, DC-like dimming, hybrid dimming, pseudo dc dimming are still called DC dimming. Hence the term "True DC dimming" to distinguish from these Mixed PWM/ DC dimming methods.

There are three benefits to my propose use of temporal light modulation, as followed:

  1. We can save ourselves the trouble of remembering all these lingo as they keep coming out once every few months. Temporal light modulation refers to the selective strobe light that affects those that are sensitive, regardless of the new lingo or dimming method used.
  2. It helps others to narrow down to academic studies since that is the correct term used for those sensitive individuals affected by flickers in room lighting.
  3. We can avoid attributing the problem only to PWM, since as I have described above, PWM is no longer the issue anymore (In fact, all other manufacturers like Samsung are no longer using PWM as pervasively. They are using mixed PWM methods)
 
Last edited:
iPhone 15 pro max -

100% brightness. Does not have PWM since it is at its max possible brightness. There is no other banding size to compare against. We can therefore conclude that at 100% brightness, it is PWM free.

mSs2yI6GptT_MvyJs4mlVWKH9wVyI-GeeC2X_xdx99MrLmdcajcUM5cMMLv8o9UIlsq0etVbrJT8JmofixSSpNTSQ8YXCl2WW0-ZaHR7ChxFO2IUyA_oa_PeOYtSqlq7oyX6GaG8FIKmbY6As9U0ejs
I disagree with this, unless I am missing something.

It sounds obvious, but if PWM is not in use, the graph would show a nearly straight horizontal line and the display would not show the black bars in slow-motion video.

Also: historically, when an LED is at 100% brightness, there is no PWM or flickering, but I do not believe that what we see as 100% brightness is actually 100% brightness. I think Apple has restricted it so that 100% brightness in the UI may actually only be 80% of the backlight's full capability, for example. If it were actually 100%, the graph would show a nearly straight horizontal line and no flickering could be captured in slow-motion video.

I appreciate all of the research you've put into this topic, but I feel like this is a basic concept.
 
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Right, a long post incoming.

The short answer to Apple's stand in regards to PWM and their response to this is as followed:

They have already responded by not using PWM dimming between brightness 100% to 25%, and the following iphone releases since then
(I assume starting with the iphone 13 perhaps).

Also, it may perhaps seems that efforts made by Apple Engineers were not appreciated by the small online community, and continued to attribute problems to Apple for using PWM dimming methods. I will elaborate more on this later.



But before we proceed to that, we have to understand what is Pulse Width Modulation, and under what circumstance can one call it PWM.

According to engineers, Pulse Width Modulation mainly manipulates the width duration of screen shut down time. In other words, if there are no noticable change in the width duration of the screen "down" time, it cannot be called a "PWM". And that is what the "Width" in Pulse Width Modulation stands for.

Yes it does still sound confusing thus I am going to use iPhone 15 pro max to attempt to illustrate why the recent iphones are already PWM-free (when between brightness 100% to 25%). Following that I will also explain why PWM is no longer the issue like before, and what is now causing the visual, cognitive, or physiological reactions.

We will be focusing on the width size of the banding artifact below. If there are changes in the width size of the banding artifact, it would suggest there is PWM.

I'll be taking the readings from my previous post.




iPhone 15 pro max -

100% brightness. Does not have PWM since it is at its max possible brightness. There is no other banding size to compare against. We can therefore conclude that at 100% brightness, it is PWM free.

mSs2yI6GptT_MvyJs4mlVWKH9wVyI-GeeC2X_xdx99MrLmdcajcUM5cMMLv8o9UIlsq0etVbrJT8JmofixSSpNTSQ8YXCl2WW0-ZaHR7ChxFO2IUyA_oa_PeOYtSqlq7oyX6GaG8FIKmbY6As9U0ejs




75% brightness. We do not see the width size of each banding artifact increasing in size. While there is indeed subtle increase in size with the banding, that is just the transition to PWM dimming mode. As no obvious change in the width size of the banding artifact is observed, we can say at brightness 75%, it is still PWM free.

SMgBhJcVBY_fUs-MhTPEoKGQnBr3Afkb1nBK8ycwFy489doY2f7s2_ZCz92-93NRy4YKC7_75QdYeakytEhB723pTxz3Thl5Cn32rB8Yfw9R5CFbrosRZd5UV3udivKPuzhWY5Yv3EVsKhvSDEjavgM



50% brightness. Here we do see that the some of the banding are increasing in width. However, again as there are no obvious increase in size, we have to say it is PWM-free.
xT_0Ib3pzRvNKp51vk_esqhB5CyDGnJA7uN0OTBRe7AyOCIiIvQC5gwSEu-gEYI0kRCStfBkBDXPN5EBjXaNdHSmbLNVnr9r8N1wGehgXWYmJW25pKXSMVNJXdyrYXEcUpL2snMI-9dhNTf4CD-4YoE



25% brightness - Even at this 25% brightness, we still do not see obvious change in banding width size. Therefore iphone 15 pro max is still PWM free while at 25% brightness.

W1bRsyBTcLMjnU_tAi6zbAkFY-mbAS62UNtYIn0bUfSKF-uzYWJxngvLrOrL4mnI1nnJ9lnZFPhr_pSg69fxBQoboPDFOgzH8Ry1I7MrbTLuSlrbcPt66cZ2Zpf8D8JLgcmycrZAHH-r-BDy27s0SQ8



How does a PWM banding look like then?

When iphone 15 pro max's brightness hits 20%, we start to see obvious change in the width of the banding artifact. This is where dimming has fully transitioned into PWM mode.
9oZYMwSNpe7dE8-U29mbiMPYxjUgJTvcn2oPSzHfqTNf3qqvxHEpMSynGMen-rxfhHxpg3Rijn8noffKaQxhmLd5LIsSZWs282W6kTZ7iMC8HdKJYHLvF9Pbj9WLLfgjlF-2vRoj2PAenYHGYSvPKYU



As we continue to slide the brightness down, we see the banding width size further increase. This is attributed to PWM, unlike what we saw earlier while at the higher brightness.
qHTfCPP1-PV_7ncEJZGh_kNSZphR_n62L7nLly2voDJZKgspAyhOAeiHsbHynidmZvhWBO5vC8SCWzpLvh33tsPrEQhLwFM2tfE2Tg16391W7k3QyB5qpB5obv8-Clpph1oKmqOtrxuhi4xME7ohf4I


Lastly, while below brightness 7%, PWM complete it full course.

a4uqH8rI5cRZe04f9BcfJuGC8PsD8JPVq0dQG4tOMrz4-n9MSZwGJIAaoI84zTyKzaeSdj-ddBO5ORBP6A-Jy2B52DUdBgdhCYJkxOyuVj3oE1TtqS5lt_co2srV5Yfut4hpMC1ciwKv4gDTGfUx7zc



That brings us to the next question. If indeed Apple is no longer using PWM between brightness 25% to 100%, why are a number of users still complaining symptoms of PWM?

The reason is because of this thing called "Temporal Light Modulation".

Without getting too technical, just think of Temporal Light Modulation as the screen's "base form" flicker intensity, while PWM as the intensity multiplier.

To illustrate this, I will use a scale of 1 - 100 as the level of flicker. Below numbers are just for illustration purposes and do not represent any actual phone.

Let's assume we can tolerate flicker intensity of 10 out of 100. TLM, the base form flicker, starts at 12. PWM, the multiplier has a value of x5 (while it is at its worst).

TLM base form level (out of 100)PWM (multiplier)TLM level after PWM is applied (out of 100)
12X560


As we can see from the above, the final output from this is 60. This greatly exceeds our tolerance for flicker.

Thus, we are right to attribute the problem to PWM.

The Apple engineers then revised the dimming implementation, removing PWM between 25% brightness to 100%, since PWM is the culprit here.

However, what actually happened in reality is the following.

TLM base form level (out of 100)PWM
(multiplier)
TLM level after PWM is applied (out of 100)
40 (base form now significantly increased)x1.05 (PWM free now)42


Thus even with the TLM level without PWM, it is still far from our tolerance value of 10.

As we can see from the above, PWM is indeed not the issue here. As the TLM base form flicker itself is 40.

Moving forward, I do propose that we stop using PWM as a lingo to bring up about the flicker. Rather, Temporal Light Modulation.

If we continue to bring up about removal of PWM, we are implying specifying to remove PWM, but not to remove flickering that affects us. (which was what manufacturers have heard and responded with)

Furthermore, the lingo with the various mixed PWM dimming methods seems to be quite in mess.

Semi or quasi PWM is not called Semi or quasi PWM. Rather, it is called DC-like dimming, hybrid dimming, pseudo dc dimming(which is what Apple is using here).

1/8 of PWM is called "Flicker-free". This naming for instance has been marketed by LG for their OLED TVs.

Hence only true PWM is referred to as PWM.

However, semi-dc dimming, DC-like dimming, hybrid dimming, pseudo dc dimming are still called DC dimming. Hence the term "True DC dimming" to distinguish from these Mixed PWM/ DC dimming methods.

There are three benefits to my propose use of temporal light modulation, as followed:

  1. We can save ourselves the trouble of remembering all these lingo as they keep coming out once every few months. Temporal light modulation refers to the selective strobe light that affects those that are sensitive, regardless of the new lingo or dimming method used.
  2. It helps others to narrow down to academic studies since that is the correct term used for those sensitive individuals affected by flickers in room lighting.
  3. We can avoid attributing the problem only to PWM, since as I have described above, PWM is no longer the issue anymore (In fact, all other manufacturers like Samsung are no longer using PWM as pervasively. They are using mixed PWM methods)
Thank you for this. I’ll screen shot it and re read it until I understand it. At least, it would seem that Apple IS trying to help with this.
 
I think Apple has restricted it so that 100% brightness in the UI may actually only be 80% of the backlight's full capability,

I think this is generally correct, and not just with Apple being a culprit.

I’ve watched many videos of reviews of phones from different manufacturers. They measure the lux (with a Radex Lupin), and then they use a flashlight to shine into the phone’s brightness sensor. At that point, the phone increases its lux.
 
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This is why I like measuring with the Radex Lupin, and it’s flicker % value.

Since, regardless of whether PWM or not, it measures the variance between lowest and highest points.

LCD displays usually have 0.5% or less, on average. Even true DC dimming has the tiniest of variations, but doesn’t bother most of us.

So seeing that % is a clear indication, regardless of technology applied, of whether the screen may be comfortable for us to use.
 
Last edited:
That brings us to the next question. If indeed Apple is no longer using PWM between brightness 25% to 100%, why are a number of users still complaining symptoms of PWM?
Brilliant analysis.

This is quite complex, and I would still like to see the engineers develop a mode that reduces flicker to the lowest levels possible on current technology.

I’m not debating that they’ve made changes for the better, but I’m going off of what my own eyes and head are telling me—if they don’t like staring at the display, then I’m not going to force it just to be able to use the latest iPhone. Not that I haven’t tried…

I have so many questions.

While not a solution, does Reduce White Point at above 25% use PWM when the brightness output is low enough? This explains why I find the display significantly more comfortable at around 30% brightness. Below 20% still demolishes my nervous system.

What’s the difference between the standard devices and the Pro devices in terms of PWM and Temporal Light Modulation? Why the low frequency on the standard devices—is it is targeting more of a DC dimming approach?

When did Apple begin to make positive changes, and is there any feedback that you would give to the engineers to provide a better experience or to develop an Accessibility setting?

Thanks, your joining this conversation has been one of the most valuable insights to come out of it in recent years.
 
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@from reddit the_top_g

IIRC the display boosts to max brightness when watching HDR video. It would be interesting to see if the lines went away entirely in that case. Also, if between 100% (manual brightness) and 25% the size of the banding doesn't change, then what is it doing to modulate brightness? It must be changing the frequency, right? The whole point of PWM or whatever you call it (flicker based brightness modulation) is to interrupt the light source on a regular basis to decrease the amount of light that is emitted on average thus getting your brain to think the screen is dimmer. Sort of like using blinds on a window? Or am I not understanding this? Thanks for all of your research.
 
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More measurements via Reddit. iPhone 15 Pro Max isn’t too bad relatively, as long as the user keeps the brightness above 25%.

Reduce White Point does seem to work to avoid the lowest levels of PWM. But this is exhausting and I’m not sure I want to keep putting so much effort into this when it’s still not perfect to use for sensitive users.

 
Last edited:
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@from reddit the_top_g

IIRC the display boosts to max brightness when watching HDR video. It would be interesting to see if the lines went away entirely in that case. Also, if between 100% (manual brightness) and 25% the size of the banding doesn't change, then what is it doing to modulate brightness? It must be changing the frequency, right? The whole point of PWM or whatever you call it (flicker based brightness modulation) is to interrupt the light source on a regular basis to decrease the amount of light that is emitted on average thus getting your brain to think the screen is dimmer. Sort of like using blinds on a window? Or am I not understanding this? Thanks for all of your research.
It looks like HDR does still use some form of flickering, but the modulation is probably lower. Even at max 2000 nits brightness the display typically is measured to still have some sort of flickering.
 
Last edited:
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Right, a long post incoming.

The short answer to Apple's stand in regards to PWM and their response to this is as followed:

They have already responded by not using PWM dimming between brightness 100% to 25%, and the following iphone releases since then
(I assume starting with the iphone 13 perhaps).

Also, it may perhaps seems that efforts made by Apple Engineers were not appreciated by the small online community, and continued to attribute problems to Apple for using PWM dimming methods. I will elaborate more on this later.



But before we proceed to that, we have to understand what is Pulse Width Modulation, and under what circumstance can one call it PWM.

According to engineers, Pulse Width Modulation mainly manipulates the width duration of screen shut down time. In other words, if there are no noticable change in the width duration of the screen "down" time, it cannot be called a "PWM". And that is what the "Width" in Pulse Width Modulation stands for.

Yes it does still sound confusing thus I am going to use iPhone 15 pro max to attempt to illustrate why the recent iphones are already PWM-free (when between brightness 100% to 25%). Following that I will also explain why PWM is no longer the issue like before, and what is now causing the visual, cognitive, or physiological reactions.

We will be focusing on the width size of the banding artifact below. If there are changes in the width size of the banding artifact, it would suggest there is PWM.

I'll be taking the readings from my previous post.




iPhone 15 pro max -

100% brightness. Does not have PWM since it is at its max possible brightness. There is no other banding size to compare against. We can therefore conclude that at 100% brightness, it is PWM free.

mSs2yI6GptT_MvyJs4mlVWKH9wVyI-GeeC2X_xdx99MrLmdcajcUM5cMMLv8o9UIlsq0etVbrJT8JmofixSSpNTSQ8YXCl2WW0-ZaHR7ChxFO2IUyA_oa_PeOYtSqlq7oyX6GaG8FIKmbY6As9U0ejs




75% brightness. We do not see the width size of each banding artifact increasing in size. While there is indeed subtle increase in size with the banding, that is just the transition to PWM dimming mode. As no obvious change in the width size of the banding artifact is observed, we can say at brightness 75%, it is still PWM free.

SMgBhJcVBY_fUs-MhTPEoKGQnBr3Afkb1nBK8ycwFy489doY2f7s2_ZCz92-93NRy4YKC7_75QdYeakytEhB723pTxz3Thl5Cn32rB8Yfw9R5CFbrosRZd5UV3udivKPuzhWY5Yv3EVsKhvSDEjavgM



50% brightness. Here we do see that the some of the banding are increasing in width. However, again as there are no obvious increase in size, we have to say it is PWM-free.
xT_0Ib3pzRvNKp51vk_esqhB5CyDGnJA7uN0OTBRe7AyOCIiIvQC5gwSEu-gEYI0kRCStfBkBDXPN5EBjXaNdHSmbLNVnr9r8N1wGehgXWYmJW25pKXSMVNJXdyrYXEcUpL2snMI-9dhNTf4CD-4YoE



25% brightness - Even at this 25% brightness, we still do not see obvious change in banding width size. Therefore iphone 15 pro max is still PWM free while at 25% brightness.

W1bRsyBTcLMjnU_tAi6zbAkFY-mbAS62UNtYIn0bUfSKF-uzYWJxngvLrOrL4mnI1nnJ9lnZFPhr_pSg69fxBQoboPDFOgzH8Ry1I7MrbTLuSlrbcPt66cZ2Zpf8D8JLgcmycrZAHH-r-BDy27s0SQ8



How does a PWM banding look like then?

When iphone 15 pro max's brightness hits 20%, we start to see obvious change in the width of the banding artifact. This is where dimming has fully transitioned into PWM mode.
9oZYMwSNpe7dE8-U29mbiMPYxjUgJTvcn2oPSzHfqTNf3qqvxHEpMSynGMen-rxfhHxpg3Rijn8noffKaQxhmLd5LIsSZWs282W6kTZ7iMC8HdKJYHLvF9Pbj9WLLfgjlF-2vRoj2PAenYHGYSvPKYU



As we continue to slide the brightness down, we see the banding width size further increase. This is attributed to PWM, unlike what we saw earlier while at the higher brightness.
qHTfCPP1-PV_7ncEJZGh_kNSZphR_n62L7nLly2voDJZKgspAyhOAeiHsbHynidmZvhWBO5vC8SCWzpLvh33tsPrEQhLwFM2tfE2Tg16391W7k3QyB5qpB5obv8-Clpph1oKmqOtrxuhi4xME7ohf4I


Lastly, while below brightness 7%, PWM complete it full course.

a4uqH8rI5cRZe04f9BcfJuGC8PsD8JPVq0dQG4tOMrz4-n9MSZwGJIAaoI84zTyKzaeSdj-ddBO5ORBP6A-Jy2B52DUdBgdhCYJkxOyuVj3oE1TtqS5lt_co2srV5Yfut4hpMC1ciwKv4gDTGfUx7zc



That brings us to the next question. If indeed Apple is no longer using PWM between brightness 25% to 100%, why are a number of users still complaining symptoms of PWM?

The reason is because of this thing called "Temporal Light Modulation".

Without getting too technical, just think of Temporal Light Modulation as the screen's "base form" flicker intensity, while PWM as the intensity multiplier.

To illustrate this, I will use a scale of 1 - 100 as the level of flicker. Below numbers are just for illustration purposes and do not represent any actual phone.

Let's assume we can tolerate flicker intensity of 10 out of 100. TLM, the base form flicker, starts at 12. PWM, the multiplier has a value of x5 (while it is at its worst).

TLM base form level (out of 100)PWM (multiplier)TLM level after PWM is applied (out of 100)
12X560


As we can see from the above, the final output from this is 60. This greatly exceeds our tolerance for flicker.

Thus, we are right to attribute the problem to PWM.

The Apple engineers then revised the dimming implementation, removing PWM between 25% brightness to 100%, since PWM is the culprit here.

However, what actually happened in reality is the following.

TLM base form level (out of 100)PWM
(multiplier)
TLM level after PWM is applied (out of 100)
40 (base form now significantly increased)x1.05 (PWM free now)42


Thus even with the TLM level without PWM, it is still far from our tolerance value of 10.

As we can see from the above, PWM is indeed not the issue here. As the TLM base form flicker itself is 40.

Moving forward, I do propose that we stop using PWM as a lingo to bring up about the flicker. Rather, Temporal Light Modulation.

If we continue to bring up about removal of PWM, we are implying specifying to remove PWM, but not to remove flickering that affects us. (which was what manufacturers have heard and responded with)

Furthermore, the lingo with the various mixed PWM dimming methods seems to be quite in mess.

Semi or quasi PWM is not called Semi or quasi PWM. Rather, it is called DC-like dimming, hybrid dimming, pseudo dc dimming(which is what Apple is using here).

1/8 of PWM is called "Flicker-free". This naming for instance has been marketed by LG for their OLED TVs.

Hence only true PWM is referred to as PWM.

However, semi-dc dimming, DC-like dimming, hybrid dimming, pseudo dc dimming are still called DC dimming. Hence the term "True DC dimming" to distinguish from these Mixed PWM/ DC dimming methods.

There are three benefits to my propose use of temporal light modulation, as followed:

  1. We can save ourselves the trouble of remembering all these lingo as they keep coming out once every few months. Temporal light modulation refers to the selective strobe light that affects those that are sensitive, regardless of the new lingo or dimming method used.
  2. It helps others to narrow down to academic studies since that is the correct term used for those sensitive individuals affected by flickers in room lighting.
  3. We can avoid attributing the problem only to PWM, since as I have described above, PWM is no longer the issue anymore (In fact, all other manufacturers like Samsung are no longer using PWM as pervasively. They are using mixed PWM methods)
Fascinating stuff- I won't begin to understand all of it, but thank you so much for sharing!

I assume the "regular" 15 and 15 Plus would be similar.... but does this mean that truly, whether you keep brightness at 100%, 75%, or even 50%, it shouldn't be any worse for our eyes at any of these levels?
 
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Based on the data points above, I’m going to test iPhone 15 Pro one last time exclusively above 25% brightness. If I get any tension headaches or migraines this will be returned tomorrow.

The consensus is already not looking good.
 
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