I agree, while I'm enjoying this season, it feels very rushed. I hate that the battles are being shown in a matter of minutes, and they skipped the battle at High Garden entirely. We're now at the endgame, character development is pretty much finished, and I just want to see things played out in full. They should've made it a regular 10-episode season and given each scene adequate time.
As for the books, the most recent one (A Dance with Dragons) was released in 2011 - around the time Season 1 aired - and ended with Jon Snow's death from Season 5. So we're way past that point now.