I had terrible battery life after upgrading to iOS 17, but I think I fixed it. With iOS 16, the battery life of my iPhone 14 was excellent: I'd charge it, then keep it off the charger for over 24 hours, and I'd still have 50% battery. That changed with iOS 17. Suddenly I was losing 25% of battery during the night (7-8 hours), even though I wasn't using the device at all. Curiously during the day while I was using apps, the decline was also about 25-30% every 8 hours. With iOS 16, I don't think I was losing more than 10-15% over the same period. The system didn't show any app using excessive amount of battery. It was clear some hidden system process was causing the drain, not a user facing app.
I thought it would fix itself a couple of days after the upgrade but it didn't. iOS 17.1 public beta 1 and 2 didn't improve anything so I decided to reset the device. It is a painful process, but the battery got so bad that I didn't know what else to do. I restored from an iCloud backup. And I'm happy to report that 24 hours after the reset, my battery is as good as it was with iOS 16. As I'm writing this post I still have 56% of battery, even though I unplugged from the charger 24.5 hours ago.
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Above: iOS 17 before reset: went down to about 60% in 12 hours (9pm to 9am) of almost no use.
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Above: went down to 60% after 24 hours of normal use.