I own a 3,1 but do not own any NVMe drives, therefore I'm not using anything. I've been following a lot of discussions in many places, and all of the 3,1's that are running 11.3 successfully have the patch that allow NVMe booting. Whatever's in that patch may hold the key to the problems with our 5,1's.
Searching MacRumors, I found this link for 3,1 NVMe booting:
Hello everybody! I'm newly owner of MP 3,1 and I want to discuss upgrading of this nice but old machine with you. I suggest everyone to take part in creating this guide. Now I will post my achievement in making it bootable from NVMe SSD. Bootable NVMe Note: it can be dangerous for your MP...
forums.macrumors.com