Yes, from my own testing it seems, that as of 10.14.4 the System Integrity protection is being enforced for the entire HD, instead of just for "system important locations". So as of 10.14.4 all programs are being checked against digital signatures. It almost matters not to have Gatekeeper off all the time. Even regular apps with modified signatures (hacked once for example) won't open, or if opened will be strongly limited in their rights. In other words, if you are on a "supported" mac with 10.14.4 applied you are pretty much in a jail cell. Can't do anything. The way out is to disable System Integrity for good. Once you do that on a "supported" mac you will notice at first a really responsive system. It literally flies without having to check signatures for each and every app. And then everything will work with zero problems guaranteed. In your case just disable System Integrity on your supported mac and try to created the same 10.14.4 USB patcher. It will work like a charm. Think about the moral of the story.
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Must be something at your end. I have 10.14.4 on the same Mac mini and all looks pretty nice.
The positives of 10.14.4:
* you can reuse the 1.4.1 patch of pocume and fix the appearance of the system.
* it seems apple has made optimizations to SAMBA and now it reaches speeds similar to Windows, but in previous versions we were getting roughly about 50% of the performance when compared to Windows
The negatives of 10.14.4:
* it is clear, that 10.14.3 was the last "native", rock-solid version for unsupported macs. As of 10.14.4 we can clearly see the being of the end for us, the unsupported. 10.14.4 is presenting crashes for no reason with different system apps, iOS apps and third party apps. Even if you clear caches, remove spotlight plugins and any other optimizations, you won't be guaranteed not to experience a crash just out of nowhere. Under the hood the interface is departing strongly from the old carbon stuff and going deep into metal. All what is done now to make 10.14.4 work for us is to replace old components from 10.14.3, or earlier, which is a workaround, but certainly not a definitive solution and it introduces incompatibilities with unpredictable results. I would go as far as to foresee, that by 10.14.6, if updating reaches it, and by 10.15 if not, we are going to get a gimmicky, patched OS with many compromises to accept. For a solid performance we will be coming back to 10.14.3, so don't delete your copy of that version, soon it will be very popular, maybe even 10.14.4 if major shortcoming are fix, but as of right now 10.14.3 is the true winner.