I think it may be automatically installing the legacy video patch. I’ve tried installing several times today (2010 iMac with GTX765M) and the install goes great until the final reboot. i know Catalina loads, because I get prompted for voice over, but the screen is black. When I reboot and reload the installer and launch the post install patches, the Legacy Video patch is selected by default. Initially tried it over my Mojave install, but have since tried a clean install, and no go.
You could test this theory by replacing the replacement copies installed from the directories in "macOS Catalina Patcher/Contents/Resources/macOS Post Install/Contents/Resources/gfxshared".
frameworks/CoreDisplay
frameworks/OpenGL
IOSurface
kexts/AppleGraphicsControl.kext
kexts/AppleGraphicsPowerManagement.kext
kexts/AppleMCCSControl.kext
kexts/IOGraphicsFamily.kext
kexts/IONDRVSupport.kext
privateframeworks/GPUSupport.framework
privateframeworks/SkyLight.framework
with copies extracted with Pacificist from "Install macOS Catalina Beta/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD". Just reapply the 'legacy patches' with those Catalina copies and force rebuild the kernel cache.
You'll still have the Telsa patches installed but they shouldn't interfere with the Kepler card running properly. If you are worried, boot from the usb installer, delete the files below from
/System/Library/Extensions using the Terminal window and use the post install patcher (with no patches selected) to force rebuild the kernel cache.
GeForceTesla.kext
GeForceTeslaGLDriver.bundle
GeForceTeslaVADriver.bundle
NDRVShim.kext
NVDANV50HalTesla.kext
NVDAResmanTesla.kext
I had suggested awhile back that Dosdude1 add a 'Disable auto patching' option to the Catalina Patcher (primarily for the benefit of MacPro 5,1 users) which would create a usb installer with auto patching inhibited.