APFS Rom Patch has been a thing for a long time for the MacPro3,1.Can you see the name of your startup partition in the boot selector that you get while booting while holding the option key or you get a “EFI Boot” option instead?
Because according to dosdude:
So either you did something that he didn’t anticipate or document or you remember wrong.
https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/apfs-rom-patcher.2211396/
I use the Driver#### method instead of modifying the rom.
https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/mac-pro-3-1-nvme-support-upgrade-guide-questions.2194878/
In either case, the apfs volumes will appear in the Apple Startup Manager (hold option key at boot). I can boot any macOS (10.4.11 Tiger to 10.15.7 Catalina) on my MacPro3,1 using the Apple Startup Manager (only Mojave and Catalina are on APFS). Big Sur and Moterey require booting through OCLP.
EFI Boot will always exist if there's a bootx64.efi in an EFI partition (OpenCore, OCLP, Ubuntu, Windows UEFI, etc.)
I think that dosdude1's comment refers only to using Mojave or Catalina on Macs that support up to High Sierra - those Macs get a APFS firmware update by installing High Sierra. Older Macs must use the APFS Rom Patch method, or the Driver#### method, or the APFS patch method from dosdude's Mojave or Catalina Installer patchers (which puts files in the EFI partition - a bootx64.efi which is actually a EFI Shell which launches a startup.nsh script that loads a apfs.efi driver) or OpenCore method. The first two methods happen before Apple Startup Manager. The last two methods happen afterward.
http://dosdude1.com/highsierra/
http://dosdude1.com/mojave/
http://dosdude1.com/catalina/