Actually do you ever watch the shipping of a laptop? The Laptop is shipped to the UK usually via Amsterdam or Frankfurt (near German Border). This is because the transportation companies have chosen these hubs because of tax benefits to their clients. They never come directly from China. This is typical because the importation for parts, unfininished goods and part-finished goods into the EU is significantly less than a finished good particularly from China which has qutoas in what it can import into the EU. Once here moving the good around Europe has no extra importation tax. Holland and Belgium have particular attractive tax rates for doing some final assembly in their countries in comparison to othe EU countries.
Yes, I watched the tracking on my MacBook Pro back at the end of 2008. It left Shanghai in China, had an
electronic customs update in Cologne, and arrived direct in to the UK receiving centre, then out to me. there was no stop off in the EU for some mythical assembly. Hell, there wasn't even time for such assembly to be done - it took three days to get to me from China, and one and a bit of those was spent with UPS in the UK. It was also a customised machine.
Also countries like Poland have become more attractive to electronics companies. My work PC is assembled in Poland, but does not mean the parts are made in Poland or that no sub-assembly is done in China, etc. It used to be the way DELL did it in their factories in Ireland
Now, I'm not doubting this in many ways. Apple do in fact do exactly what you're saying for their Mac Pros - they are sub-assembled in China, and then shipped to Cork in Ireland for final assembly. Critically, they then have the CK serial number starting code, unlike the W8 etc. of the Shanghai plants that all the rest of Apple's machines ship with. Logically, if Apple were doing this sub-assembly of their laptops in the EU they'd be using their existing production plant in Cork, and all the notebooks would have serial numbers starting in CK.
They don't. They start W8, meaning full assembly in Shanghai.
So for a company to minimize its costs it will import the laptop or whatever else and do some final assembly in a warehouse/factory in Holland (or Belgium). This may include the addition of screens, batteries, cables, etc. they are done in factories within or near the shipping hub and they are done by companies such as TNT or DHL.
No, Apple have their own facility in Cork for this, not DHL or TNT. The big EU distribution centre is simply for unloading the Kuhne & Nagel pallets that arrive from China en-masse and allocating the contents to where they need to go. The machines spend very little time at this hub, and certainly not enough time to assemble them in the method you're describing.
Now, fitting minor changes, such as a RAM upgrade or a HDD (to an MBP), then yes. But not a full screen or similar. They can also do the drop-in upgrades for items such as keyboards - as they're in a separate, country specific box. I would also place a significant bet that this takes place in the country of destination's distribution centre, not the main EU one. That means that the UK centre only needs to have UK keyboards, rather than the EU centre trying to stock everything.
For an IPad or Iphone it would be difficult/impossible to do any assembly, but adding it to a box and adding the cables would not be so difficult and maybe classed as assembly.
Again, these ship out as a single unit from China. They're the same world-wide, and engraving is done locally.
Apple state that a standard Laptop is shipped within 24 hours. Ask the question why does a standard Laptop take 3 to 5 days to reach you after it has shipped from China? A courier could get it to you within 24 hours easily particularly with the China being ahead in time. It is nothing to do with cost as usually there are set flights each day from China to Europe.
Because Apple's distribution doesn't use a single carrier from door to door. They have K&N who ship in large volume from China to the EU distribution centre, it then gets customs paperwork done electronically, and is then sent out to the destination country via another courier, depending who Apple use for that country (TNT, DHL, UPS). Once in that country it can then change courier again at yet another local distribution centre for delivery to the customer (ie: UPS in the UK). That is why it takes so long - there's usually two distribution centres in the process, and at each the item has to wait for the pickup at set times. There's only time at the big centres for very minor BTO work.
It usually means that when it arrives in Europe something is done to personalize it, i.e. box, cable, etc. Do you think that these Chinese factories are really capable of organizing that this laptop is for the UK, the next one for the US, the next one for Spain, the next one for Germany, etc. These factories are churning out thousands of PC's/laptops everyday and they are not so organised to do personalization. They are bulk producers. Personalization is done elsewhere.
Apple do personalisation in China for most machines, except Mac Pros. They roll off the production line and are then taken to a different line if they need options. Look at the USA notebooks - they ship direct from China to the customer, via FedEx, and trackable at every step of the way with no stops for your fabled local assembly. Apple's distribution is remarkably complex and very competent - they know exactly what machine is yours, where it is going, and which pallet it needs to be on at each stage of its journey.
Apple's other trick is to offer limited options. This means they can have lines churning out certain specifications - ie: an iMac with CPU A, and HDD A, and another churning out CPU A with HDD B. This means they can ship in volume the machines, and only leave the very easy to swap items (such as RAM) as local installs. Take the 27" iMac as an example - they'll produce four models in China, the i5 with 1TB HD, the i5 with 2TB HD, the i7 with 1TB HD and the i7 with 2TB HD. All come with 4GB of RAM. Magically, that's suddenly accounted for all the possible BTO choices of the HD, because Apple don't let you pick anything else, such as 1.5TB.
Apple basically cheat. They don't let you customise up the wazoo, which means 90% of customisation can be done on their lines en-masse. You may think you're unique buying one certain combination of config options, but rest assured, there's enough people out there buying exactly the same to allow Apple to produce batches of identical machines.
Your laptop will be given a shipping number and put in some form of packaging. It will be sent to a factory in Holland where the necessary personalization is done, i.e plug, box, manual, keyboard type for imacs, mouse etc are added. The final shipping onto you as a finished good will take place with the same shipping number.
Well done, you've magically just moved away from your previous statements of "screens" and laptop keyboards to the items that are easy drop-in changes that are external to the actual computer itself.
The factory in Holland will know your specifications and will make any adjustments to the finished product. These places may also be where changes to the RAM and Hard drives are done and other things, examples include installing the correct keyboard, installation of the selected screen is made, installing the correct software, adding sim cards, software etc.
Yes RAM and HD on laptops, but not on iMacs as you need to take the whole thing apart. No to laptop screens as again, you have to take the whole thing apart.
Why do you think Apple charges so much more than market value for personalizing a computer? Because to personalize it is costly in the way they manufacture, and they will not be doing it on an assembly line in China that is working to make thousands of standard laptops. They won't stop the line which is automated to make a machine with 8GB of RAM rather than 2GB. It is just not possible to track every single laptop for every single user. Too many mistakes would be made.Personalization of these laptops will be done elsewhere and this is the reason that these things are done elsewhere.
Apple charge more because they always have done, and because people still pay for it, and it keeps their profit margins high. They still do a lot of customisation in China (I had a 27" iMac ship direct to me from China, fully BTO'd on a single flight thanks to Executive Relations, and it took 2 days - it couldn't have been BTO'd anywhere else but China).
Harvard and other major Business scholls have written Buisness School case studies about this fact.
So? What you're saying is a perfectly valid mechanism of producing laptops, but it isn't how Apple works.