About Penryn Core2Duo Legacy USB and non-APFS Mac, I patched a beta 8 BaseSystem.dmg and it still works with my
BaseSystem Legacy USB fix (so this eventually could be used as BigSur Recovery for non-APFS Mac), but to continue the staged installer is required USBopencore and a replacement of patched BKE on these paths:
/APFS Data Volume/macOS Install Data/Locked Files/BootKernelExtensions.kc
/APFS Data Volume/boot/BootKernelExtensions.kc
/APFS Preboot/UUIDBigSur/boot/System/Library/KernelCollections/BootKernelExtensions.kc
Thanks to
@ASentientBot method downgrading the beta 6 kernel and an updated version of usbopencore I was able to boot with
CMD+S
and
exit
on a non-APFS Mac (legacy USB) the beta 8 through an external USB SSD installation .
I uploaded the patched BKE that embeds beta 8 extensions and beta 6 kernel here:
https://github.com/jacklukem/BigSurfixes/tree/master/penryn c2d bigsur beta6
because a beta 6 kernel is required to boot BigSur with Penryn Core2Duo.
Meanwhile I attach the updated usbopencore that is not for spoofing or OTA updates, but mainly to inject some legacy kext on the BootKernelExtensions.kc still experimental and legacy USB booting works only with CMD+S and exit (stock Recovery 11.0 beta 6 also works, I'd advise to keep a beta 6 BaseSystem.dmg copy).
To use the bootloader simply copy the EFI folder to any FAT32 formatted volume, then reboot with alt-option key and select EFI Boot.